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He conquered Bihar, while also defeating many Rajput chiefs. Sikandar Lodhi was the greatest of the three Lodi sovereigns.
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The Lodis were Afghans, Bahlol Lodi founded the Lodhi dynasty. The last Sayyid ruler descended the throne in favour of Bahlol Lodi. After him, Mubarak Shah, Muhammad Shah ruled for a little while. Timur’s nominee was Khizr Khan, who was the governor of Multan. Sayyid Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate (1414-1451 AD): Timur was a turk who left his nominee to rule. Timur sacked and plundered Delhi before returning back to Central Asia. The final blow to the Tughlaq dynasty was by invasion of Timur in 1398. Firoz Shah was intolerant towards Shia muslims and Sufis.Īfter Firoz Shah: The Delhi Sultanate disintegrated. He established a new department called Diwan-ikhairat to take care of widows and orphans. He built Firozabad near Red Fort, popularly known as Firoz Shah Kota. Under his reign, Jaziya became a separate tax and was strictly imposed on non-muslims. But he was not able to prevent forging of the coins and the experiment had to be abandoned.He began the scheme of giving loans to farmers for cultivation known as takkavi loans. He introduced copper based token currency, for the first time in India. But then again shifted the capital back to Delhi after two years. Mohhamad-bin-Tuglaq shifted the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. He was the only Delhi Sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education. He had relations with China, Egypt, Iran. He is considered to be ahead of his time. He killed Khusrau Khan, the last king of Khilji dynasty. Ghiyassudin Tuglaq was the founder of Tugalaq dynasty. The Tughlaq Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate (1320-1414): He built Alai Darwaza and constructed a new capital at Siri. He patronized poets like Amir Khusrau and Amir Hasan. His greatest achievement was conquest of Deccan. There were secret agents called munhiyans. There were separate department called Diwani Riyasat was created under an officer known as Naib-i-Riyasat. He established four separate markets in Delhi. He was the first Turkish Sultan of Delhi who separated religion from the State. He killed his father-in-law to usurp the throne. The Khilji dynasty was founded of Jalauddin Khilji. The Khilji Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate (1290-1320 AD) He established a separate military department known as diwan-i-arz. He introduced the Persian festival of Nauroz. Balban introduced rigorous court discipline. He created a strong centralised army to handle internal disturbances. Ghiyasuddin Balban usurped the throne when the previous Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud, his son-in-law. In 1240 AD, Razia was defeated and killed. She was the first and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India. Raziya was nominated by Iltutmish as his successor. Iltutmish completed the construction of Qutb Minar at Delhi. Various sufi saint Minhaj-us-Siraj, Taj-ud-din, Nizam-ul-mulk, Fakhrul-Mulk Isami. Iltutmish issued silver Tanka, introducing arabic coinage in India. Iltutmish saved India from Mongol wrath of Chengiz Khan.
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Iltutmish is credited for shifting the capital of his empire to Delhi from Lahore. He also commsioned the construction of Qutub Minar in honour of Sufi saint Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar. Qutub-ud-din-Aibak constructed 2 mosques, ‘Quwat-ul-Islam’ at Delhi and ‘Adhai din ka Johpra’ at Ajmer. Other important rulers of this dynasty were: Qutub-ud-din-Aibak established the slave dynasty. The Slave dynasty was also known as Mamluk dynasty. Slave dynasty of Delhi Sultanate(1206-90): There were five dynasties in the Delhi Sultanate, The Slave dynasty, Khalji, Tuglaq, Sayyids and Lodis. There were Muslim invasions into India resulted in the established from AD 1206 to 1526.